Showing posts with label H. Assignment 5: Animation. Show all posts
Showing posts with label H. Assignment 5: Animation. Show all posts

Friday, 10 January 2014

The Requirements of Working to a Brief

What is a Brief?
A brief in its simplest form, is a set of instructions that a person must follow to perform a task. Project briefs are very similar, however they involve a group of people that work in a team. Each member is allocate a specific role and task that will ultimately allow the team to perform a  task. The actual project brief outlines the project/tasks requirements, costs and constraints.

What is a commission/what does it mean to be commissioned?
A commission, is when a person/company pays someone to complete a task, such as writing a script. Script writers are often approached by buyers and asked to commission an original script or sometimes an adapted version of a novel. When a writer has been commissioned to write a script, they must work under the commissioner's brief, which could be formal and result in payment once completed.


What is meant by the term ‘tender’?
A "tender" brief, is when a client will advertise a brief. Companies will then respond to the advertised brief in the form of a formal pitch. The client will then look over the pitches and then choose which one will suite his needs. The tender itself will include a number of a requirements such as the budget, time limit and a general synopsis of the job in hand. Once the client has chosen the company to work with,  they will often keep in contact to make sure that they are on the same page in terms of the briefs design.






This tender brief was advertised by an association requiring the need for a market consultant. The companies background and requirements are listed in the brief.

A website such as people per hour, allows clients to advertise their briefs online. Companies and freelance personnel can pitch their ideas through emails. This makes it easier, for both parties to advertise their briefs and for companies to pitch their proposals to a large number of clients.






How else could you respond to a brief?
Competitions commonly use briefs in a similar fashion to a project brief.  You respond to the brief like you would any project brief, by following the information and then completing the task. Contestants are given a list of guidelines and information regarding the competition. I have previously worked on a competition based brief when creating the "ESting" animation. The competitions brief which states the rules and guidelines can be found the official ESting competition website.
Link to Brief: http://estings.e4.com/competition
This is my finished entry for the ESting competition:


Reading a Brief
All briefs vary in a number of ways. One of the biggest differences that you may encounter is how professional and strict the brief is. The ESting competition that I entered held very strict rules and guidelines. These rules referred to a number of points that if ignored would result in entries being dis-approved. The main rules include:
- The ESting must be no longer than 10 seconds long.
- Contestant must ONLY use supplied music in order to avoid copyright issues.
- The supplied soundtracks must NOT be edited or remixed
- The ESting must include the E4 logo and only one entry per person.

The ESting brief although strict, was relatively easy to follow and did not cause any issues in any of the production stages.

Negotiating a Brief
During the production stages, I rarely found myself questioning certain aspects of the brief. The brief is luckily very informative and although strict,  its guidelines are easy to follow. However if I did encounter problems regarding the brief I was able to contact my tutor, who would help me on certain aspects of the brief such as the limits of creativity and the constraints of using the supplied soundtracks. In the professional media industry briefs are most likely far more formal and strict in regards to creativity and negotiations.  One of the major differences is the issues of ethical. legal and regulatory guidelines and constraints that protect viewers and material. Using copyrighted material such as music can create huge legal issues in which companies and individuals are forced to pay compensation to the owner of the material. Plagiarism is very similar as the consequences can be just as bad as using copyright material. It was very important for me to make sure that my own ESting creation was as creative and original as possible in order to stand out from other entries. In the professional industry the same logic applies but with far stricter and hard hitting effects if not followed. Ethical issues can also cause problems for writers and commissioners as regulatory bodies such as Ofcom and BBFC monitor media formats in order to protect potential viewers from suffering from offensive material. Ofcom for example will often ban programs, adverts and radio shows if the material is deemed inappropriate and/or offensive to the viewer.


A brief should always be read thoroughly by the writer so that they understand the guidelines and intentions. If at any point the writer is unsure of a certain aspect of the brief, the commissioner should be contacted, therefore avoiding issues later on in regards to time management, budgets and conditions.



I was lucky in that I did not have to face any issues such legal, ethical and regulatory problems. This was mainly due to me following the brief and understanding what was expected of me and the work that had to complete. The brief itself was fairly easy to follow, however issues would have been a common problem had I not read the brief and understood it fully. In the professional media industry, it is much easier to make such mistake and unknowingly causing issues of legal and ethical misconduct. Professional briefs are far more formal and strict, which makes the writers responsibility of understanding the brief even more important.

Opportunities
Someone might respond to a brief such as a competition in order to broaden their publicity and ultimately get their name heard and their work seen. The opportunities that are created from winning such a competition can change people's lives as they are usually supported financially by companies. Others might respond to a brief as it's their job and only source of income. Writers will often work on a number of projects at one point in time as they rely on the income from completing their commissioned work.  Being able to work alongside a brief broaden my understanding of creating work . I was able to understand the roles and responsibilities of working to a brief. I was able to gain a number of new skills such as time management, organisational skills and working under pressure and in a creative environment. I was also able to continue my skills in filming and editing.

Tuesday, 17 December 2013

Animation Evaluation


Larry The Dino Animation Evaluation






In regards to reviewing the animation project, I intend to produce a written report.  The project itself has many topics that will need to be individually reviewed. This will therefore take a while to produce. An oral presentation would possibly be less of an in depth review and I may find myself summarizing to often. An audio commentary has similar problems as its far easy to miss information or ramble on about unnecessary topics. Writing a report will allow me to include in depth analysis that focuses on the individual aspects of the animation project.

Once the animation was complete, it was uploaded to the BTEC media's YouTube channel. This is were not only mine but the whole class's work was exhibited. I could also broaden the EStings' exhibition to a large audience by uploading to other online websites such as Vimeo, Facebook, Twitter etc. I could also have entered my short ESting into a number of other competitions (Editing would be necessary) such as film festivals. However as the competition rules state, the final animation should not be entered into other competitions so I have therefore limited its exhibition to YouTube.

In order to gain opinions on the ESting, I sent a number of emails to college students asking for feedback to the animation. I tried to make the questionnaire as thorough as possible without boring the people that agreed to give feedback. In order to do this, I used a variety of questionnaire styles such as multiple choice and small comment boxes. I used Survey Monkey to create my questionnaire. The questionnaire itself is split into seven categories:

- Genre & audience
- Content & narrative
- Style (of animation; claymation, puppets, models, etc.)
- Characters (development, quality of production, costume, etc.)
- Techniques & technical qualities (frame rate, movement, skill in animating multiple actions)
- Aesthetic qualities (the way it looks; mise-en-scene etc.)
- Creative qualities (imagination and flair) .


This is the actual survey that I used:








Create your free online surveys with SurveyMonkey , the world's leading questionnaire tool.




























As you can see , most viewers thought that the ESting was aimed at a young target audience. I was originally unsure of how young the target audience would be, but it has become clear to me that the TA is in fact a range of ages from as young as 12 to late teens (18). The slight Gorey aspect of the ESting raises the target audience as most parents would not allow their child to view violence in any form.













As you can see from this graph, the audience clearly new that the ESting was an animation. However looking at the other results, apart from the obvious choice being animation, most people had different opinions on the genre. As you can see a small majority of thought that the genre of the ESting was a Comedy. Overall, the majority knew that the ESting was an animation, however apart from the obvious, each viewer chose a different option from a Thriller to an Action short.









In regards to the content of the ESting, the results were very positive. The most comment went along the lines of the ESting being "Fun and imaginative" and it being scary due to the violence and gore factors. I'm very happy with these results as I wasn't sure if people would like the violence being used in an animation, which is a genre renowned for its lack of violence. I particularly liked the comment that enjoyed the imaginative element of the short. I decided that mixing the two genres of Horror and Animation, would be a interesting and creative. I was not sure how it would be perceived so i'm very happy with the outcome.



The most popular aspect of my ESting, are the characters. I enjoyed creating both the clay models, as it opens a creative and artistic side of myself, that is not usually exposed. I thought that the Dinosaurs come out very well, both of which looking very realistic but also holding the key clay feel that Aardman gives their characters. I'm therefore very pleased that the characters were also liked, considering that they were one my very first models that I have ever made.



The least favorite aspect of the ESting was chosen as being the ESting's setting. I personally didn't see a problem with the setting when shooting, but looking back at the final copy, i can see how the setting is very basic. Looking back I wish i would have created an interactive setting, with clay trees, stumps, shrubs etc.



The overall opinion regarding the EStings style is very positive, all of the viewers agreed that the claymation was smooth and visually pleasing to the eye.



This question only backs up my previous statement regarding the characters, however one comment suggested that models could moved with more realism. To be honest I agree, with that statement and if I was to repeat the task, I would have been more creative with the way in which the models move. However considering the time restraints and lack of space to record, I feel that the ESting is okay.

Constraints

In regards to any constraints, the simplicity of the short allowed me to achieve the standard of short that I first intended. In terms of legal issues and financial issues, the fact that I didn't have to work with Actors/Actresses means that I did not have to deal with release forms and could avoid any legal issues. Financially I faced zero issues. I filmed in college, with professional grade equipment, including DSLR's, Tri-pods, lighting.

Time Management

Due to the large size of the group, most people decided to work in groups with a small amount of student opting to work alone. I myself had already brainstormed ideas, of which all of them would be fairly easy to shoot alone. Obviously with animation there are now actors and actresses on set, so if I was going to work in a group, it would only be down to spreading the work load and gaining multiple opinions. However, i had previously shot animation and I knew that it would okay for me to work alone on this project. Editing wise, very little work is needed and I finished editing with plenty of time remaining. The Pre-production was the most relentless stage of the unit. Designing the set, models and then creating both took a lot longer than I first predicted. However in my case, it was also the most important, as poor looking models and sets can seem unprofessional and ruin the short regardless of how well they moved and were shot. The actual shooting of the ESting was very quick and efficient. The only issues that took longer than I first thought, was framing the shot. I had initial problems with the Canons 18-55mm lens, so I decided to use a 30-300mm lens that allowed me to frame the shot correctly. Overall I feel as though I managed my time effectively and in the correct production stages. Looking back at the unit, I found that previously shooting a test run, helped the final production as I had gained a little experience as to what worked well and would did not.

Pre-production: 14th - 22nd November

Filming: 25th November - 6th December

Editing: 9th - 143 December

Meeting the Requirements of the Brief

One of the most important aspects of the ESting competition brief, was to abide by the specific rules of the competition.

RULES:
1.
e4 can’t show anything explicit or violent in the daytime, but we might be able to after the watershed as long as it’s broadcastable. So – within reason – your idea can be quite naughty / irreverent / provocative and the like. Use your common sense though; anything too grim or sexually explicit won’t get shown at all.

2.
It HAS to be EXACTLY 10 seconds long. If it’s not 10 seconds long IT WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED BY THE JUDGES. Sorry, but we’re strict.

3.
You HAVE to use one of the 10-second audio beds supplied.

4.
It HAS to have the E4 logo in it… but you probably could’ve guessed that.

I feel that I have effectively met each rule, ultimately allowing me to (If i wanted to) enter the ESting competition next year. Rule one, applies directly to my idea and at first I was unsure of the rules in regards to explicit content and broadcasting after watershed. However after reading this rule, the violent aspect of the ESting would be acceptable in the competition as they would be able to air it after watershed (9pm).

As you can see from the final piece of work I was able to meet the 10 second limit for each short. It was not too much of a problem as even if i had over shot, I would have been able to edit the footage in Premier Pro CS6. I also used one of the supplied audio beds that worked far better with the style of the short that I thought it would. I decided to edit the E4 logo into the short as it would ultimately look far less unprofessional. If you watch the credits, I created a custom E4 logo in a Jurassic Forrest style which faded into the original E4 logo.

I decided that I would obtain feedback by send the questionnaire, to member of my college and family as well as close friends. Overall I was able to source a good understanding of what worked well as well as areas that need improvement. The general response from the people that I contacted was very positive. Most of the people i questioned thought that the characters looked very detailed and that the animation was very smooth.

What I have learn't from the Unit

I personally feel as though I was lucky to find very little issues with the project. Any issues that I did face were easily corrected or altered. I feel that if anything I've learnt from previous mistakes and am able to avoid them completely. I found time management easier than when I first started the year and I believe that its purely down to experience. I had previously shot animation and enjoyed it. I knew that it was something that I enjoyed and allowed me to express my more creative side that I rarely show. The experience that I gained from the initial animation shoot, allowed me to shoot and prepare with efficiency.

Working within the Media Industry

Initially I thought that working a brief would be very easy, as they are usually very clear and easy to follow. However , it soon became apparent that I would struggle to hold back my creative instincts to shoot more and ultimately create something that I would be more proud of. I had begun finding myself constantly looking back at the brief so that I did not go overly crazy with my ideas and so that I would be able to meet the briefs requirements.

Honestly, I feel that animation as a career would be very interesting. The role of an animator seems to suit my personality and it would allow me to reach goals and preferences that I hold. I'm a person that wants to succeed and do everything to the best of my ability. I'm also a person that is rather pretentious and perfection is key in anything that I love to do. I often find myself slacking at things that I do not enjoy. I find it very difficult to control the procrastinator inside. However I've always succeeded and shone in things that I enjoy doing, and animation is one of them. Whether animation would be a viable career path is another question, but it something that I enjoy and will consider studying in the future.

Wednesday, 4 December 2013

Research & Planning: Responding to the Brief

 Brief
Judging of E Stings will be based on creativity and originality.
We want you to take our logo and create an original brand sting that has smacks of E4 attitude and can be played out on our telly-channel. It can be live action; it can be animated; it can be 2D, 3D, or 4D; it can be hi-fi, lo-fi, big-budget or no-budget. You get the idea – we’re pretty flexible.

The only rules we are forcing on you are…
We can’t show anything explicit or violent in the daytime, but we might be able to after the watershed as long as it’s broadcastable. So – within reason – your idea can be quite naughty / irreverent / provocative and the like. Use your common sense though; anything too grim or sexually explicit won’t get shown at all.
It HAS to be EXACTLY 10 seconds long. If it’s not 10 seconds long IT WILL NOT BE CONSIDERED BY THE JUDGES. Sorry, but we’re strict!
You HAVE to use one of the 10-second audio beds supplied. Download the audio beds to choose from here (.zip 13.5MB)
It HAS to have the E4 logo in it… but you probably could’ve guessed that. (Preferably, integrated into the idea rather than simply slapped on top of your piece at the end.) Here's an .eps version you can use (.eps 324KB)

My Esting concept meets the animation brief criteria as it is exactly 10 seconds long, completely my own work and includes only E4 supplied audio (no commercial audio tracks). It was fairly easy for me to abide by these rules as I were able to use college equipment and build my own sets using provided paper and cardboard.

Monday, 18 November 2013

Locations for EStings and Soundtracks

I have looked at a number of locations around the college that might work for my ESting. I particularly needed a space with a lot of plugs for lighting and a big enough area for a table, which would act as the base of the woodland location. Backgrounds are also important so i need a basic backdrop. Natural Lighting could also be an issue as it may create issues as I propose to shoot a night scene. I also need to look at the temperatures of the rooms. Its important to keep the clay at certain temperatures  so that the clay does not go hard and pieces may then fall off.

I have looked at both w16 and our main room.

Monday, 11 November 2013

Research and Planning: Designing an ESting

I propose to make a claymated Esting as I have had previous sucess in that format. My Larry the Dinosaur claymation piece was very funny to make, shoot and edit. Im also not interested in the other formats such as time lapse photography.


Larry the Dinosaur, my main character is strolling around in the woods, when he comes across an unsual bunny rabbit shaped in the E4 logo. He chases after the rabbit before catching and eating it. Purple gue oozes out of his mouth. My ESting will be set in a forest environment, with dead tree trunks and general vegitiation grwoing widly. I cannot foresee the future, however from previous experience, claymation can be difficult as molds can break and colours can accidently mix creating an unappealing character. I shouldnt have problems with resources as the college has a large mixture of clay and equipment. The location could be an issue as I would like a large set in order to create the woodland background inlcuding trees, logs, vegitation and little animals.


My ESting is primarlity aimed at young teens aged between, 13-18. The claymation aspect relates to a younger audiance, however the gore/violence apsect targets the older teens. Both elements allows teens of all ages to hopefully relate to the ESting.  My ESting may also interest other claymation and animal lovers however the gore apect might be too much for most animal lovers. However i do believe that they would find the claymated characters very interesting to watch.

Tuesday, 5 November 2013

Research and Planning: E4 and the Brief


Research and Planning: E4 and The Brief

E4

On the 18th January 2001, Channel Four Television corporation launched a new Pay-TV Channel. Although the channel was first launched as a Pay-TV service, in 2004 Channel Four released news that the subscription based service would return to digital terrestrial television. Since its launch, the channel was available as a bonus subscription service, however once ITV digital closed in 2005 it became apart of the Freeview in hope that the channel would gain a larger audience.  E4 has hosted a number of both US and UK programmes, of which the mist successful have been: Glee, Friends, How I Met Your Mother, The Big Bang Theory and The Inbetweeners.  The Inbetweeners episode " Will is Home Alone" which aired on the  11th October is still E4's most viewed episode with 3,700,000 people tuning in to watch the successful sitcom.


E4's target audience primarily range between  the lucrative 15-35 age group.  E4's audience ranges from 15 years due to a number of reasons. The main reason for this audience is because most of the programmes aired on the channel has content with some sexual references, mature language. The programmes characters also tend to be of similar age to the channels target audience. For example most teens watch Inbetweeners as they can relate to the teenage humor.  E4's secondary audience consists of an older generation who tend to watch the older 90's sitcoms such as the Friends.  This age group can range from 35-50 years however this target audience is a lot fewer in number in comparison to the primary target audience.


http://www.channel4.com/e4


Channel Four television corporation also owns these channels:

. More4
. Film 4
. 4Music

All three channels have very different target audiences apart from Film 4 as their target audience is very broad as it airs a range of genres that a range of age groups and genders would watch. More4's target audience is primarily older as they air such genres and programmes such as documentaries, cooking shows and House Hunting programmes.


E stings

http://estings.e4.com/

E4 created the competition EStings, so that young, up and coming animators and editors to create an aired sting for E4. The competition runs every year, with the winner be rewarded with £2500 and runners up are awarded £500. The competition focuses on originality and imagination. E4 have strict rules that must be followed by contestants. 









  This ESting won in the 2009 competition. I believe that this one, due to its originality and clever editing. Its a very interesting sting as it looks incredible. The unusual aspects of the sting also makes it very interesting to watch. I especially like the contiguous flow of the sting that makes it very dramatic. I also like the CGI aspect, the creator is clearly very talented at creating and editing CGI.  I think that this sting is aimed at males aged between 14-18 as its content relates to males of this age group.





This ESting is also very interesting, i particularity like the aesthetic look of the sting. I'm a huge fan of the idea as well, its simple and well made. The artist is clearly very talented and his/her drawings are very colorful and pleasing to the eye. I think that this ESting is aimed at a large audience, however it seems that it relates more to females and maybe even older teens as its content includes an old women and alcohol.

Planning and Preparation

To prepare for our upcoming unit, we have been researching and creating out own animated characters, Praxinoscopes, Zoetropes and Thaumatropes.

My animated character is names Larry the Lizard/Dinosaur. I found creating the claymated character a lot of fun and brought out my creative side. I especially liked shooting the animation as for a first attempt i think the overall final piece of very good. In comparison to the other stop motion exercise, i found that it was most talented at this style of animation.





-Larry the Lizard





-Location 











- Larry the Lizard

Larry the Lizard
Gender: Male
Occupation: common thief
Age: Unknown

Bio:

 Larry the Lizard is a typical thief, from bank robbing to stealing from shops and people.. He lives in Denville in the towns sewer system. His fortification holds thousands of pounds worth of diamonds, gold and ruby's. His motivation stems from a childhood of bullying and misunderstandings (Always in the wrong place at the wrong time). He became fed up being an outcast and decided to turn to a life of crime. He has a deep love for Lisa the Lizard who works at the town hall.



Thamatropes, Zoetrope and Praxinoscope class examples.


Overall I enjoyed making the Praxinoscopes as the final piece looked themost effective in comparison to my Zoetrope and Thaumatrope.




After researching and looking at past experiences, I have chosen to create a clay mated ESting as I most enjoyed that unit. My Lary the Lizard claymation looked rather good and i enjoyed the shooting and editing side of the unit. As for now I have a number of ideas, one of which includes Larry the Lizard. I want to create a simple yet aesthetically pleasing ESting that any age group/gender will enjoy. I will most likely work on my own, as i have high standards that might be lost working in a pair or group.

Monday, 7 October 2013

Animation-planning- claymation

Larry the Lizard
Gender: Male
Occupation: common thief
Age: Unknown

Bio:
 Larry the Lizard is a typical thief, from bank robbing to stealing from shops and people.. He lives in Denville in the towns sewer system. His fortification holds thousands of pounds worth of diamonds, gold and ruby's. His motivation stems from a childhood of bullying and misunderstandings (Always in the wrong place at the wrong time). He became fed up being an outcast and decided to turn to a life of crime. He has a deep love for Lisa the Lizard who works at the town hall.


Friday, 4 October 2013

The History of Animation

Persistence of Vision


 Persistence of vision is a theory which states that the human eye always retains images for a fraction of a second. This means that everything we see is a  blend of what is happening now and what previously  happened a fraction of a second ago.

In the Film and media world, this phenomena is often claimed to account for our ability to perceive a sequence of frames as a continuous moving picture.   However, there is no scientific evidence to suggest that persistence of vision works in this way. Rather, it is thought that the illusion of continuous motion.






Thaumatrope

The Thaumatrope is credited for being invented by both John Ayrton Paris and Peter mark Roget in 1842. The Thaumatrope is a simple Victorian toy of which two annotated circular cards are attached to one another. Pieces of string are then tied to each end of the card and twisted rapidly creating the illusion of  one image. Each Piece of card has a drawn image that will create one individual image once spun. A typical example of this, is drawing a cage on one side and a bird on the other. When spun the illusion shows the bird inside the cage. The simple illusion occurs due to the "Persistence of Vision".

The Thaumatrope is one of a number of toys that create similar illusions and are recognized as being important antecedents of Film and Animation.



















Phenakistascope

The Phenakistascope is a rather more technically advanced creation, invented by Joseph Plateau. Joseph Plateau was a Belgian Physicist who began his work on the Phenakistascope in 1839, and completed his creation in 1841. The Phenakistascope is a very early animation device that also uses the persistence of vision theory.  The Phenakistascope works around a rotating disc connected to a handle. Images are then arrayed around the discs center portraying the movement that once sped up, will give the illusion of movement. To view the illusion, the user looks through one of the many slits while standing in front of a mirror.  The frame by frame images portray a moving subject. 




Zoetrope

The Zoetrope consists of similar mechanics to the Thaumatrope. The main difference is that the Zoetrope is mirror less  A large cylinder acts as the main rotational feature of the device. A sequence of still images are placed around the inside of the cylinder. The user then stares through the slits around the cylinder. The still images move rapidly as the cylinder is spun creating the illusion of movement. The Zoetrope is believed to have been created in China by Ting Huan in around 180 AD. His device used the flow of air to spin the convention around. The modern Zoetrope or "Wheel of Life" was invented by a British Mathematician named William Horner. The Zoetrope is famous for a number of reasons. One reason due to its brief viewing in the Horror film "the Women In Black". Pixar Animation also created a fabulous 1/16 scale version of a Zoetrope using Characters from their animated films such as Toy Story. 
Th




Praxinoscope

The Praxinoscope is the successor to the Zoetrope and altered one of the Zoetropes fundamental features. The Praxinoscope used mirrors instead of slits to view the illusion. The alteration improved the devices appearance and the viewing capabilities such as image clarity. As the cylinder is spun around, the user views the illusion of movement by looking at the mirrors. The Praxinoscope was invented by Charles-Emile Reynaud in 1887. Reynaud further advanced the Zoetrope by developing a projection enhancement called the Theatre Optique. The projection of the illusion allowed him to show his animated characters to a large audiences. However, its popularity was soon outshone by the visual projection cinemas of the Lumiere Brothers.





Kinetoscope

The kinetoscope is a single view projection system invented by Edison & Co. The kinetoscope was not a projection system but carved the way for an era of film projection. The Kinetoscope works by rapidly rotating still images of a light source at a high shutter speed. These rapid movements viewed through a peep hole creates the illusion of movement. 
It is believed that Edison was inspired by the idea of a motion picture system after attending one of Edward Muybridges lectures. They later met to discuss forming a partnership as to be able to create the motion picture device. However a partnership was never agreed and Edison's company went on to invent the Kinetoscope and formally show the device in 1894. Although Edison takes most credit for the invention however his assistant William Dickson is believed to have worked on the invention the most.









Over the last few weeks, we have been learning about a number of animation techniques and their inventors/founding and notable users of those techniques. This blog post is a more in depth explanation of certain animation pioneers.

George Melies 

Georges Melies is born on December 8th, 1861 in Paris. His father is a rich wealthy shoe manufacturer and his mother is the daughter of the bookmaker of the Netherlands' Queen. During his studies at Louis Le Grand high school in Paris (France), he displays a gift for drawing and painting. He obtains his high school diploma in 1880 and he joins the family business.


Melies began animating after stumbling upon stop motion during a shoot of traffic. His camera jammed during the recording of the traffic. Once he began shooting again he noticed a jump in time creating an odd affect that interested him enough that he used the effect in his later career as a magic trick. He also used over pioneering effects such as dissolves, fades and time lapses in his work.

In 1902, Georges Melies who has been shooting films since the presentation of the Lumiere brothers invention, produces and directs A Trip to the Moon, a super production. He conceives the film in black and white but also in color, the print would then be hand-painted, in a colorist workshop.His masterpiece, considered as the first Science-Fiction movie is very successful and the image of the rocket into the eye of the moon goes all around the world. 




Willis O'brien


Willis O'brien was born on the 2nd March 1886 in Oakland California. He is seen as one of the Pioneers in motion picture special effects. His love for sculpting, drawing etc, began at a very early age and he took his love of the arts into his career as a sports cartoonist for a national newspaper. During his time as a cartoonist, he also became a profesional boxer, winning his first 9 fights and then retired after an unsuccessful 10th.

He continued his love of sculpting models and began filming stop motion clay-mation.  His talent was soon recognised by Thomas Edison who offered him a job at his company creating short films. His success was not instant but after his work on the film "The Ghost of Slumber Mountain", he secured a position on the filming of "The Lost World".  The animated film was a success and lead the way for his most renowned work on the film "King Kong" in 1933.


Willis H'obrien was recognized for his later work, winning an Academy Award for Best Visual Effects.



- "The Lost World"

Ray Harryhausen



Ray H was a an American visual effects creator, director and producer. He is noted as being the creator of a form of stop motion animation called "Dynamation". After viewing King Kong, he became inspired to research and create his own stop motion animation. He delved into the genre of fantasy and sciene fiction. His work inspired by the pioneer of Stop motion animation Willis H'obrien. After meeting with Willis H'obrien he began taking lessons in art and graphics. He later gained a job working on the set of George Pals, Puppetoons. His most memorable work on the "Mighty Joe Young", would be his first major film. He worked alongside Willis H'obrien in creating the film. He also later went on to Film his first Movie in Color called "Jason and the Argonaughts".




George Pal

George Pal, was a Hungarian-born American animator and movie producer well known for his science fiction styled short animations and cartoons.  George Pal, started his work in Film for a British company before emigrating to America. He began his career in America with Paramount Pictures. He animated the Puppetoons series in the 1940's.  His work on the series lead to him being awarded an Oscar in 1943 for "the development of novel methods and techniques in the production of short subjects known as Puppetoons". Pal then switched to live action film making with The Great Rupert in 1950.

 He is best remembered as the producer of several science fiction and fantasy films in the 1950s and 1960s, four of which were collaborations with director Byron Haskin including The War of the Worlds (1953). He himself directed tom thumb (1958), The Time Machine (1960) and The Wonderful World of the Brothers Grimm (1962).




Phil Tippett


Phil Tippett (born 1951) is a movie director and an award-winning visual effects supervisor and producer, who specializes in creature design and character animation. At an early age Phil Tippett began watching animated films such as Ray Harryhausens "The seventh voyage of sinbade". Ray Harry Hausens work inspired him to pace a career on the visual effects/film industryPhil completed a bachelor's degree in art at the University of California, Irvine, and went to work at the animation studio Cascade Pictures in Los Angeles.

Phil Tippett began his career by animating a short scene of chess in George Lucas's Film "Star Wars". During this period he was also hired to work on the Film "Piranha" realeased in 1978, however he was not credited for his work. Phil Tippett continued his work on the Star Wars Films developing a new techniques such as Go animation used in the AT-AT  imperial walkers scene in 1980.  He continued his work with Go motion in Dragon Slayer. He received an Academy award for his work.
 In 1991 he was hired by Steven Spielberg to create the dinosaurs for the Film Jurassic Park.  He used his famous Go motion techniques in the creation of the Dinosaurs. However Spielberg preferred to use CGI created Dinosaurs. Phil Tippett recognized the development and change in the Industry, and began work in CGI. Phil Tippett has since continued his work in visual effects.

The Quay Brothers


 Since the late 1970s, the identical twin Quay Brothers have made a unique contribution to animation in general, and the puppet film in particular. Filtering arcane visual, literary, musical, cinematic and philosophical influences through their own utterly distinctive sensibility, each quay film rivets the attention through hypnotic control of decor, music and movement, evoking half-remembered dreams and long-suppressed childhood memories, fascinating and deeply unsettling in turn. The Quay Brothers are seen as pioneers in stop motion animation. 




Tim Burton

Tim Burton was born on August 25, 1958, in Burbank, California. After majoring in animation at the California Institute of Arts, he worked as a Disney animator for less than a year before striking out on his own. He became known for creating visually striking films that blend themes of fantasy and horror, includingBeetlejuice, Edward Scissorhands, Batman, and The Nightmare Before Christmas.
 As a child, Burton was engrossed with the classic horror films of Roger Corman—many of which featured quintessential screen villain Vincent Price. Burton also developed a penchant for drawing and enrolled at the California Institute of Arts, where he majored in animation. In 1980, upon his graduation, he began working as an apprentice animator for Walt Disney Studios. Within a year, Burton grew tired with his work at Disney and decided to strike out on his own. In 1982, he released the award-winning short Vincent, which paid homage to the enduring work of his childhood idol. Tim Burton is renowned as on of the modern greats in stop motion animation.






Otmar Guttman
Otmar Gutmann is  German television producer, animator  and director.  He was born on the 24th April 1937 and died October 13th,1993.  He is most memorably known for his clay-mated creation, Pingu.  Otmar founded the Pygos group in  1986. Pingu is a Bafta Award-Winning stop motion clay mated children’s television series which was produced by The Pygos group and Track film studio. The series was originally made for Swiss television. The series shows a family of penguins living in the North Pole who can morph. The series Centre’s on families of penguins living in Antarctica that live and work on igloos.  Pingu frequently goes on adventures with his sister pinga and his best friend Robby the seal.



Aardman
Aardman is a British animation company based in Bristol. Their world famous stop motion claymation characters, films and TV series's have been hugely successful. Aardman was founded in 1972 by Peter Lord and David Sproxton, two animators inspired to found their own animation production company. They began their work, combining with the BBC. Aardman later went onto create shorts with Channel 4. Nick Parks Creature Comforts, was the first to win an Oscar. Park also developed the much loved duo that is Wallace and Gromit. The company produced a number of films for Wallace and Gromit.
In December 1997, Aardman teamed up with Dreamworks to create Chicken Run. In 2000, chicken run was released to great success in the UK. Aardman has gone on to create a number of films including "Wallace and Gromit: The ware Rabbit" and their first Computer animated film "Flushed Away".


 -Flushed Away.-Chicken Run.

Adam Shaheen
Adam Shaheen (born October 13, 1964 in London, England) is a British animator, television producer and screenwriter. He is the founder and owner of Cuppa Coffee Studios where he develops and produces all original programming. He is also the executive producer of Cuppa Coffee’s award winning broadcast design and commercial studio.
Shaheen's credits include shows and movies like JoJo's Circus, Celebrity Deathmatch, Starveillance, Bruno, Bruno and the Banana Bunch, Tigga and Togga, Little People, The Wrong Coast, Henry's World Season 1, Rick and Steve Season 1 and 2, Crashbox season 1 and 2, A Very Barry Christmas, Nerdland, A Miser Brothers' Christmas and Life's a Zoo, Glenn Martin DDS Seasons 1 and 2, Ugly Americans Season 1 and 2. The Devils Due. Adam Shaheen is also a published author and record producer.
Shaheen has produced over 200 commercials and won over 150 International awards- including three Gemini's for his contribution to Canadian Animation.He is currently President of Cuppa Coffee Studios and Saucer Studios a successful Recording and Sound Mixing facility in Toronto. Shaheen is currently writing an animated feature based on the music of Harry Nilsson.
In 2012 Shaheen's Studio, Cuppa Coffee, celebrated its 20th Anniversary - Canada's oldest, privately owned animation studio. Adam Shaheen's use of puppets in his animated stories has become very popular with his younger audience.


The History of Animation
Examples of stop motion animation.
Music videos: Shins "Rifles Spiral"


The handcrafted puppets and models help create an ambient atmosphere in this music video. The stop motion is beautifully created and seamless in their movements. The style of animation in this video suites the genre of music very well. Its contrast in darkness and light helps create an interesting mood that again suites the lyrics and style of music. Fans of the "Shins" will most certainly like this video as it represents the bands image rather well.

Television programmes: "Shaun the Sheep



The popular clay-mated characters from Aardman animation have been able to reach their target audience for a number of years. The old school style of animation that creates cute and lovable characters is an ageless classic in terms of its popularity with younger audiences.

Film: The Pirates! In an Adventure with Scientists.




Aardman's latest project again focuses on its younger audience in a humorous Pirate styled animation. The fun loving comedy again uses lovable clay-mated characters that children enjoy to watch.

Advertisement: Volvo car advertisement



Volvo's stop-motion commercial uses basic techniques to create an interesting effect. The idea of using scissors to cut out paper images of their latest car models is an interesting and original idea. The style of stop motion animation is visually aesthetic to watch and so therefore suites an older audience than that of a younger one.  

Television Ident:



T.V idents are a popular promotional technique used to advertise programmes. CBBC used "Shaun the Sheep" to promote their channel. The programme is a popular animated series and the stations younger audience will easily relate to their favorite characters (Shaun, baby and mother sheep). The ident not only advertises the channel but it also the programme itself.

The future of animation will continue to evolve in a number of ways. Technology continues to push the boundaries of whats capable with animation. Animation is most popular with young children and I cannot see this changing for a number of years. Animation allows artists to create fun loving characters that come to life; that younger audiences love to watch.